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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Kenya (2003)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Kenya (2003)

 Norfolk Island (2005)Kenya (2003)
 Norfolk IslandKenya
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 41.3% (male 6,609,904; female 6,461,945)


15-64 years: 55.8% (male 8,900,615; female 8,766,698)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 389,918; female 510,011) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 230 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 19


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 211


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 113


under 914 m: 83 (2002)
Area total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 582,650 sq km


land: 569,250 sq km


water: 13,400 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Background Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December of 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition, defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform.
Birth rate NA 28.81 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 million


expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
revenues: $2.91 billion


expenditures: $2.97 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Kingston Nairobi
Climate subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Coastline 32 km 536 km
Constitution Norfolk Island Act of 1979 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
conventional long form: Republic of Kenya


conventional short form: Kenya


former: British East Africa
Currency - Kenyan shilling (KES)
Death rate NA 16.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external NA $5.7 billion (2002 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Johnnie CARSON


embassy: US Embassy, United Nations Ave., Gigiti; P. O. Box 606 Village Market Nairobi


mailing address: Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831


telephone: [254] (2) 537-800


FAX: [254] (2) 537-810
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Yusuf Abdulraham NZIBO


chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-6101


FAX: [1] (202) 462-3829


consulate(s) general: offices in Los Angeles and New York are closed; mission to the UN remains open
Disputes - international none Kenya's administrative boundary still extends into the Sudan, creating the "Ilemi triangle"
Economic aid - recipient NA $457 million (1997)
Economy - overview Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. Kenya, the regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, is hampered by corruption and reliance upon several primary goods whose prices remain low. Following strong economic growth in 1995 and 1996, Kenya's economy has stagnated, with GDP growth failing to keep up with the rate of population growth. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.3% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1%. Growth fell below 1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key December 27, 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. Substantial donor support and rooting out corruption are essential to making Kenya realize its substantial economic potential.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 3.981 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 230 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production NA kWh 4.033 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 71%


hydro: 17.7%


nuclear: 0%


other: 11.3% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m
Environment - current issues NA water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 78.75 (2002), 78.56 (2001), 76.18 (2000), 70.33 (1999), 60.37 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: President Mwai KIBAKI elected; percent of vote - Mwai KIBAKI 63%, Uhuru KENYATTA 30%
Exports $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement
Exports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe Uganda 18.3%, UK 12.9%, US 8%, Netherlands 7.6%, Pakistan 4.9%, Tanzania 4.4%, Egypt 4.1% (2002)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $32.89 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture: 24%


industry: 13%


services: 63% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - NA purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 1.1% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 02 S, 167 57 E 1 00 N, 38 00 E
Geography - note most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value
Highways total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
total: 63,942 km


paved: 7,737 km


unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Illicit drugs - widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center, massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
Imports $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities NA machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Imports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe UAE 12%, Saudi Arabia 8.7%, US 8.1%, UK 7.1%, South Africa 7.1%, France 5.8%, China 5.5%, Japan 5%, India 4.8% (2002)
Independence none (territory of Australia) 12 December 1963 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA 0.9% (2002 est.)
Industries tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products processing; oil refining, cement; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total: 63.36 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 66.37 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 60.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 1.9% (2002 est.)
International organization participation UPU ACP, AfDB, C, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOP, UNU, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 65 (2001)
Irrigated land NA 670 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court
Labor force 1,345 10 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% agriculture 75% 75%-80%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 3,477 km


border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land: 7.03%


permanent crops: 0.91%


other: 92.06% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Legal system based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2 ex-officio members)


elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population: 45.22 years


male: 45.02 years


female: 45.43 years (2003 est.)
Literacy NA definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.1%


male: 90.6%


female: 79.7% (2003 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,893 GRT/6,320 DWT


ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $185.2 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.8% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 8,096,142 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 5,017,501 (2003 est.)
National holiday Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Nationality noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
noun: Kenyan(s)


adjective: Kenyan
Natural hazards typhoons (especially May to July) recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons
Natural resources fish gold, limestone, soda ash, salt, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
Net migration rate NA -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2003 est.)
Pipelines - refined products 752 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders none Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] - the governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders none human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]
Population 1,828 (July 2005 est.) 31,639,091


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 50% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate -0.01% (2005 est.) 1.27% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 24, FM 18, shortwave 6 (2001)
Railways - total: 2,778 km


narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2%


note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Sex ratio NA at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: free local calls


international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business


domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) 310,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) 540,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) 8 (2002)
Terrain volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Total fertility rate NA 3.47 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 40% (2001 est.)
Waterways - NA


note: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of Kenya
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